Frumkin put total German military dead and missing at 3,975,000: Germany (1937 borders) 3,500,000; Austria 230,000; 200,000 Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia; 40,000 from France, 3,700 from the Netherlands; 700 from Norway and 398 from Denmark. Page 264, C. Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Source: Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945 Vol.3 Page 265, Source:Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkreiges, A.G Ploetz verlag -Wrzburg 1960 pp. [3][4], Civilian deaths during the war include air raid deaths, estimates of German civilians killed only by Allied strategic bombing have ranged from around 350,000[5][6] to 500,000. Overmans maintains that his research project taking a statistical sample of the records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) found that the German military casualty reporting system broke down during the war and that losses were understated. [152]:12, The Austrian government provides the following information on human losses during the rule of the Nazis. Mai 1974. The Russian NKVD tortured a great By the end of 1954, they had identified approximately 4 million military dead and missing (2,730,000 dead and 1,240,629 missing). In 1992 when Overmans began the project, German military dead in the war listed at the military search service Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) were 4.3 million men (3.1 million confirmed dead and 1.2 missing and presumed dead). Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002 Pages 272-273, Overmans has made the following points in Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. [55] The number of prisoners taken in the west in March and April was over 1,800,000,[56] more than double the 800,000 German soldiers who surrendered to the Russians in the last three or four months of the war. [31] Overmans 1,230,045 figure for the "final battles" includes (1) killed, (2) missing, (3) otherwise deceased "without prisoners of war", as is differentiated on p.272. Ambrose maintains that the figure of 800,000 POW missing from the US records was a bookkeeping error, that many POW were released and no records were maintained. I HATE this guy. The official German figures for the final months of the war include the inflated total of 60,000 deaths from the, Overy based his analysis on data in German archival sources for the years 1940-1942 and the Civilian Defense Division report of. Adolf Oplka's aunt, Marie Oplkov, was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolm was also killed. - The Statistisches Bundesamt defined the others as "emigrated Germans, POW remaining abroad voluntarily, and German concentration camp deaths" (deutsche KZ-Opfer). -Germans remaining in Poland in October 1946 were 1,750,000, but by 1950 the number had been reduced to 1,100,000 because of expulsions after October 1946. Of the 350,000 civilians listed as dead (not including refugees), 126,000 of the deaths occurred after January 31, 1945. What He's Infamous For: The worlds most wanted Nazi, Eichmann was the architect of WebOddlyenough the highest raking Army Air Corp general killed was Eighth Air Force General Nathan Bedford Forrest III was the great-grandson of Confederate General Nathan Elisabeth Edwards 1/11/2023. According to Karl Hermann Frank's postwar testimony, Hitler knew Zelewski to be even harsher than Heydrich. [58][59], The Western Allies also took 134,000 German soldiers prisoner in North Africa[60] It was installed in 1968 in the Jephson Gardens, Leamington Spa (UK). Following the 138 Squadron RAF at 22:00 on 28 December 1941. Highest Ranking British POW held Below is a list of American general officers and flag officers who have been killed in In the spring of 1945, as Russian tanks steamrolled towards Berlin, high-ranking Nazi officials began to weigh up their options. pp. On the other hand, Overmans states that "300,000 soldiers per month" (p.275), "that is, 10,000 men per day" (p.279, cf. Alois Moravec was unaware of his family's involvement with the resistance; he was taken to the Petschek Palace together with his 17-year-old son Vlastimil, or "Ata", who was tortured throughout the day, but refused to talk. WebGreene is the highest-ranking officer to have been killed in either Iraq or Afghanistan. [61], urda betrayed several safe houses provided by the Jindra group, including that of the Moravec family in ikov. [168] Rdiger Overmans believes that "on the basis of factual individual data, shown before, the thesis of the Canadian James Bacque cannot be supported". [75], The National Memorial to the Heroes of the Heydrich Terror was created beneath the Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in 1995. It is now known that they did not survive the war, Rdiger Overmans believes that more than likely they died in Soviet custody. Who of the German officers who were assassinated had the The oldest memorial is a plaque on Orthodox Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Resslova Street, Prague. Hello Baron Lornito Mahinay, thanks for joining us, "Es mejor morir de pie que vivir de rodillas! He points out that the figures for air raid dead in the last three months of the war were estimated in the West German figures at 300,000, which includes the deaths of 135,000 eastern refugees fleeing westward, Overy believes that this is not plausible. Heydrich was first placed in the driver's cab, but complained that the truck's movement was causing him pain. [162] There are those like Heinz Nawratil who try to equate the expulsions from Eastern Europe with the Holocaust. [23], A. [34] Gabk then escaped in a tram, reaching a local safe house. The wartime military casualty figures compiled by German High Command, up until January 31, 1945, are often cited by military historians when covering individual campaigns in the war. 2, The number of prisoners taken in March was approaching 350,000, SHAEF Weekly Summary No. The Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army issued in 1945 also estimated Japanese "battle dead" at 1.219 million. [10] The Allies deemed Soviet capitulation likely. The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable[74] The following is a list of published statistics for German casualties in World War II. [54] More than 13,000 people were arrested, including Jan Kubi' girlfriend Anna Malinov, who died in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. The Germans were unable to locate the attackers until Karel urda of the Out Distance sabotage group turned himself in to the Gestapo and gave up the names of the team's local contacts for the bounty of one million Reichsmarks. A second plan was to kill him on a forest road that led from Heydrich's home to Prague. Operation Anthropoid was the only successful government-organized assassination of a top-ranking Nazi official. [169], Estimates indicate that at least 40,000 war casualties are found a year. The decorated serviceman and heroic leader died within months of the wars end. Founded in 1999. Orthodox Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Photo of memorial outside door of the church, Reward poster for Sgt. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 See pages 102, 143,174,323 381, Rdiger Overmans- Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung. (German government Statistical Office). They estimated 635,000 total deaths, 500,000 due to the strategic bombing of Germany and an additional 135,000 killed in air raids during the 1945 flight and evacuations on the eastern front. by tigre 14 Mar 2008, 21:38, Post He was a nazi, which makes him a bad person already. 5 p153, The Allied armies in the west captured more than 1,500,000 prisoners during April., In the last sixteen days of April, (over) 951,827 Germans were captured to make a total of (over) 1,500,000 for the whole of April, see Ref. Based on information available in January 1946, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. put German military dead at 3,250,000. OKW Casualty Figures Sept 1, 1939 to Jan 31, 1945, Source of Figures: Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 19401945: 8 Bde. [106] Marshall's figures of enemy battle deaths are juxtaposed with deaths in the US Army only, suggesting that the losses of Japanese naval forces are not included, nor Japanese casualties in theaters where the Americans were not the main opposing force. They were sent to one of SOE's commando training centres at Arisaig in Scotland. A 1990 study by the East German historian. Heydrich's death led to a wave of reprisals by SS troops, including the destruction of villages and mass killings of civilians. Band III. For instance, in the battle of the Ruhr Pocket, there were about 10,000 fatalities on the German side (including prisoners of war in German captivity, foreign forced laborers, Volkssturm militia and unarmed civilians),[67] whereas about 317,000 Germans surrendered. Overall, Overmans estimates losses for the entire war on the Eastern front at 4 million and in the West 1 million. Overall Mller-Hillebrand estimated the total dead and missing at 4.0 million men. Instead of landing inside the Mercedes, it landed against the rear wheel. State Secretary in the German. Monthly figures do not add because of rounding. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 163,000. D-DAY COMMANDERS: CHARLES H. GERHARDT Flamboyant commanding officer of the Twenty-ninth Infantry Division, which attacked Omaha Beach on D-Day. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p256. On 4 September 1942, the bishop, the church's priests and senior lay leaders were taken to Kobylisy Shooting Range in a northern suburb of Prague and shot. [49] Data from the Soviet Archives published by G. I. Krivosheev put the deaths in the USSR of German POWs at 450,600 including 356,700 in NKVD camps and 93,900 in transit. Many of the Medals were awarded posthumously, in recognition of a life cut short. The losses of civilians from East-Central Europe in the 1945 are included with the expulsion dead, the German Archives report of 1974 estimated 150,000 violent deaths of civilians in East-Central Europe during the 1945 military campaign. (2) Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78. Moravec had personally selected two dozen of the most promising personnel from among the 2,000 exiled Czechoslovak soldiers based in Britain. The West German government set up the Maschke Commission to investigate the fate of German POW in the war; in its report of 1974 the Maschke Commission found that about 1.2 million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1 million in the USSR. According to the report of General George Marshall issued in 1945 the "breakdown of German and Italian losses against American, British, and French forces" in the war in Europe was as follows: Source of figures: Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1945[106], (A) 252,415 Germans and Italians were captured in Tunisia[107] According to the Imperial War Museum Following the Italian surrender in 1943, 100,000 Italians volunteered to work as 'co-operators'. In addition, the events have been featured in several well-known dramatic films (this taking place in the general context of World War II in popular culture and specifically Reinhard Heydrich in popular culture). George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen (1992), "Introduction", in Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen, Eisenhower and the German POWs, New York: Louisiana State University Press, forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, German prisoners of war in the United States, Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450), Erich Hampe "Der Zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg" pp.138-142, The German Reich and the Second World War, Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe, West German government statistical office, Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Quellen zur Geschichte der "Euthanasie"-Verbrechen 1939-1945 in deutschen und sterreichischen Archiven", Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Theater of War, 1945 [BA/MA RH 2/1355, 2/2623, RW 6/557, 6/559], Wehrmacht Monthly Casualty Reports, 1945 [BA/MA RM 7/810]. Otherwise notable people killed serving with the German military during World War II. Klein, whose gun was still jammed, ran into the shop and collided with Gabk in the doorway. by tigre 10 Feb 2008, 14:16, Post Source of figures-Rdiger Overmans, Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. MacDonald, C (1993), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations.CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., 1993. This list may not reflect recent changes . [4] Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Ploetz Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges Wrzburg, Ploetz 1960 page 80, Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945. He pointed out that this was the case of some Germans in American and British hospitals. [109] According to the Japanese Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964, a total of 2,121,000 Japanese servicemen perished in WWII. Their figures include Austria and conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe. One of those is the Unknown Soldier who rests in the Tomb of the Unknown at Arlington Cemetery. Second is from Daniel Landa, called Anika Malinov (2022; Anna Malinov was Gabks girlfriend. Officer [124], 2- The section Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy of October 31, 1945 put the losses at 375,000 killed and 625,000 wounded[125][126], 3-The section The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany of January 1947 made a preliminary calculated estimate of air raid dead at 422,000[127][126] According to the report "no complete and accurate figures on German civilian air raid casualties, covering the entire period of the war, are available". WebVietnam (killed only) 10.9. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 435,600. [39] Theodor Morell, Hitler's doctor, suggested its use, but Gebhardt, thinking Heydrich was recovering, declined. A third plan was to kill Heydrich in Prague. After 29 May, Heydrich was entirely in the care of SS physicians. Figures do not include prisoners held by Allies. Page 202", "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. The operation was given the codename Anthropoid, Greek for "having the form of a human", a term usually used in zoology. Based on his research Overmans believes that the total of 459,000 dead POWs listed in the files of. [7] During his role as de facto dictator of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich often drove with his chauffeur in a car with an open roof. by tigre 21 Mar 2008, 15:21, Post The operation was also intended to demonstrate to senior Nazis that they were not beyond the reach of Allied forces and the resistance groups they supported.[5]. Archiv konen vydal dkaz", "Nov tajemstv mue, kter zabil Reinharda Heydricha", "The Puzzling Death of Reinhard Heydrich", http://aktualne.centrum.cz/domaci/spolecnost/clanek.phtml?id=746282, "List of people executed in Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp", "Radio Prague Heroes or Cowards? p. 30. The family was made to stand in the hallway while the Gestapo searched their flat. [39][43] An autopsy concluded he died of sepsis. According to Overmans there are no reliable figures to breakout the national origin for the figure of 900,000 men of German ancestry conscripted into the Waffen-SS[39] Overmans maintains that records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) surveyed only persons of German ancestry "deutsche nach Abstammung"[39] However Polish sources maintain that during the war the Germans forcibly conscripted ethnic Poles into the German military. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkriege. Reinhard Heydrich had been the chief of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA) since September 1939 and was appointed acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia after replacing Konstantin von Neurath in September 1941. The bombing of Dresden and the bombing campaign in general has been a topic of discussion in post-war Germany. Figures exclude Austria and conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe[119], A demographic analysis of the population balance by the West German government in 1960 put the total military losses of the Wehrmacht at 4,440,000; 3,760,000 for Germany (1937 borders); 430,000 conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe and 250,000 from Austria.[120]. Ji Weil's 1959 book Mendelssohn is on the Roof features the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich as a subplot. [69], The assassination of Heydrich was one of the most significant moments of the resistance in Czechoslovakia. Contradictory accounts exist concerning whether sulfanilamide, a new antibacterial drug, was given; Gebhardt testified at his 1947 war crimes trial that it was not. [150] These figures do not include ethnic Germans from other nations in the German military and ethnic German civilians who were killed in expulsions. He believes that personnel captured on the battlefield may have died of wounds or in transit before being recorded as POW. [23], Gabk and Kubi initially planned to kill Heydrich on a train, but after examination of the practicalities, they realised this was not going to be possible. [76], Another important monument is in the form of a fountain, and symbolically commemorates the seven paratroopers. Waffen-SS troops laid siege to the church the following day, but they were unable to take the assailants alive, despite the best efforts of 750 SS soldiers under the command of SS-Gruppenfhrer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld. (transl. Regarding the death due to partisan action, perhaps Generalleutnant Franz Krech is included. by B5N2KATE 19 Apr 2008, 16:38, Return to German Strategy & General German Military Discussion. See also: German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union and German prisoners of war in the United States, The fates of German prisoners of war have been a concern in post war Germany. 1961 , and at least 220,000 by the end of April 1945 in the Italian campaign[60] These figures are based on the West German government figures from the 1960s . The battle casualtry loss rate by rank for the US Army in World War II was: General Officer and all field grades 35 Captain 53 1st Lieutenant 105 2nd Lieutenant 204 Warrant Officer 8. 9/1, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 1945-1948. WebPages in category "German military personnel killed in World War II" The following 140 pages are in this category, out of 140 total. [5] The operation was the only verified government-sponsored assassination of a senior Nazi leader during the Second World War. Bacque alleges that General Eisenhower and the US military deliberately withheld support for the German POW, causing their deaths. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 pp.45-6, Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 - 1945: 8 Bde. [121] However, estimates from other sources tend to be lower, ranging from 305,000 to 500,000 persons killed by Allied bombing of German cities. WebThe 7 Most Notorious Nazis Who Escaped to South America. As Klein came towards him, Kubi recovered, jumped on his bicycle and pedaled away, scattering passengers spilling from the tram by firing in the air with his Colt M1903 pistol. O'Connor was captured by a German reconnaissance patrol during the night of 7 April 1941, and spent over two years in an Italian prisoner of war camp. Gubbins readily agreed to help mount the operation, although knowledge of it was restricted to a few of the headquarters and training staff of SOE. [11], Resistance movements were active from the very beginning of occupation in several other countries defeated in open warfare (Poland, Yugoslavia, and Greece), but the subjugated Czech lands remained relatively calm and produced significant amounts of materiel for Nazi Germany. [16] During extensive training, the new weapon was found to be easy to throw by Hesketh-Prichard, who had a strong cricketing background, his father having been a first-class bowler, but less so by Gabk and Kubi.[17][18]. 2,055,575 German soldiers surrendered between D-day and April 16, 1945, The Times, April 19 p 4; 755,573 German soldiers surrendered between April 1 and 16, The Times, April 18 p 4, which means that 1,300,002 German soldiers surrendered to the Western Allies between D-day and the end of March 1945. Presse- und Informationsamt. Prisoners held during the war are listed in a separate schedule below. CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., 1989. [40] A 1958 West German estimate put the military war dead of ethnic German(deutschen Bevlkerung) foreign nationals from east-central Europe in the German Armed Forces at 432,000 (Baltic States 15,000, Poland 108,000, Czechoslovakia 180,000, Hungary 32,000, Yugoslavia 40,000 and Romania 35,000)[41], Overmans does not include Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht in his figures, only persons of German ancestry (Deutsche nach Abstammung). In the intervening years, the local geography has greatly changed. According to Overmans, the casualty reporting system broke down in the chaos at the end of the war. The Hahn's point out that the figure of 473,013 confirmed deaths includes 80,522 in the post war period; they maintain that most of the deaths occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the, In 2006 the German government reaffirmed its belief that 2.0 to 2.5 million civilians perished in the flight and expulsion from Eastern Europe. [8] Due to his brutal efficiency, Heydrich was nicknamed the Butcher of Prague, the Blond Beast, and the Hangman. [39] He soon slipped into a deep coma and never regained consciousness, dying on 4 June around 04:30. He was driven by SS-Oberscharfhrer Johannes Klein. WebThere are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. German General Officer casualties in WW II. - Axis History Forum The following is a list of the movies dealing with Operation Anthropoid or portraying the assassination as a crucial moment of the film's plot: There are two Czech songs about operation Anthropoid. Bacque maintains that there has been a conspiracy by the United States to cover up these losses. [11] As well as terrorizing the opposition and establishing the Theresienstadt ghetto/concentration camp, Heydrich had overseen a progressive policy of good wages (equivalent to those in Germany) for industrial workers and farmers, which had a pacifying effect (acts of sabotage dropped by three-quarters in six months) and helped cooperative production of war materials. Gabk and Kubi waited at the tram stop at the junction between the road then known as Kirchmayerova tda, and V Holeovikch, in Prague 8-Libe near Bulovka Hospital. (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), The breakdown of Japanese military deaths, based on the Relief Bureau's figures, is available on the. In post-war Germany the fate of civilians and prisoners of war has been a contentious topic. Nonetheless, the bomb severely wounded Heydrich when it detonated, its fragments ripping through the right rear fender and embedding fragmentation and fibers from the upholstery of the car into Heydrich, causing serious injuries to his left side, with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen, and lung, as well as a fractured rib. In the post-war era the military search service Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) has been responsible for providing information for the families of those military personnel who were killed or went missing in the war. Figure includes deaths actually recorded from May 1939 until June 1944 and from January to October 1946. [26] Josef Valk (from group Silver A) was positioned about 100 m (109 yards) north of Gabk and Kubi to look out for the approaching car. As the Mercedes braked in front of him, Kubi, who was not spotted by Heydrich or Klein, threw a modified anti-tank grenade[27] (concealed in a briefcase) at the car; he misjudged his throw. He estimated total air raid deaths at 353,000. [61], It is worth noting that the allied armies which captured the 2.8 million German soldiers up to April 30, 1945, while Adolf Hitler was still alive and resisting as hard as he could, comprised at their peak 88 divisions,[62] with a peak strength in May 1945 of 2,639,377 in the US and 1,095,744 in the British and Canadian forces. Germany (West). [122] The civilian deaths in the air raids on eastern Front after 1/31/1945 are also included with the figures of the losses during the Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450)[123], (1) Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland.